Rubella is a viral infectious disease that spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets produced by coughing or sneezing. After an incubation period of about two to three weeks, symptoms such as fever, a red rash, and swelling of the lymph nodes behind the ears and in the neck may appear. In some cases, symptoms can be mild, but the infection itself is not considered weak in terms of transmissibility.
Rubella can spread easily among people who do not have immunity, with one infected person potentially transmitting the virus to several others. Wearing a mask can provide some level of protection; however, it cannot completely prevent infection. Therefore, basic preventive measures such as hand hygiene and avoiding crowded places are also important.
Particular caution is needed during pregnancy. If a woman becomes infected with rubella, especially within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, it may affect the developing baby. This condition is known as congenital rubella syndrome. It can lead to complications such as heart defects, hearing impairment, and eye disorders, with the risk being higher in the earlier stages of pregnancy.
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rubella. However, the rubella vaccine is a live vaccine and cannot be administered during pregnancy. For this reason, it is important for those planning a pregnancy to receive the vaccine in advance. Immunity can be confirmed through a blood test.
If immunity is insufficient, pregnant women should take extra precautions, such as avoiding crowded places. It is also important for partners and family members to check their immunity status and consider vaccination if needed.
Rubella prevention is not only about protecting yourself but also about preventing transmission to others. This is especially important for those planning a pregnancy and their families, who should be aware of the risks and take appropriate preventive measures.
Written by Nishijima Clinic Director